Standard and Alternative Cosmology 27th edition

For the alternative cosmological models discussed in the book, distances to galaxies are calculated without using the Hubble constant. In the beginning, in the present and in the future, new space and matter will arise independently throughout the Universe as a result of parallel and simultaneous gravitational interaction, forming a new hidden vacuum and visible (baryonic) matter. The energy density throughout the Universe decreases, new regions appear, covered by the gravitational transition from a hypothetical Background Gravitation Field. When a certain minimum (critical energy density) is reached, the gravitational transition into a new hidden vacuum and visible matter will begin to decrease its acceleration. We recreated the inflationary phase of the Universe on the basis of the density decrease postulate. An experiment was also carried out to compare the angular diameters of the distances between pairs of quasars based on data from open access.