Bioethanol Fuel for Transportation: Fruit Waste Biomass and Renewable Energy

The studies were conducted to produce bioethanol fuel from dates fruit biomass using different parameters. The effects of duration, pH, temperatures, enzyme concentration and components of dates waste on bioethanol production were investigated. The optimum yield of bioethanol at different parameters was evaluated. Viscosity, acid value and some metal content were found within the limits described by the American Standards for Testing Material (ASTM). The produced bioethanol was analyzed and found that there was no toxic elements and acceptable for transportation fuel and maintained the quality of ASTM standard. Fuel consumption was found less in 10% bioethanol than 5% bioethanol and 100% gasoline. Greenhouse gas emissions like NOx, CO2, CO, SOx, and HC were reduced by using bioethanol as fuel. This bioethanol from dates fruit biomass (waste dates/non-food materials) was of good quality which generated the petrol engine(Gen -2 car engine, Malaysia) . Besides, waste can be managed and renewed energy as well as recyclng process can be done by using this bioconversion and waste management technology.